Based on results from a broad, nationally representative sample of 3,009 people, each of the four preference scales has internal consistency reliability of. The most recent forms are Form M and Form Q, both of which use item response theory (IRT)-based scoring and item selection.įorm M, first published in 1998, is the standard form for identifying an individual’s four-letter type. New item formats and scoring methods were developed and tested first by Isabel Myers and later by professional psychometricians, with each revision leading to technical improvements over the previous form. The MBTI ® instrument has been revised several times since it first appeared in 1942.

Judging (J) and Perceiving (P): differentiating people who prefer structure, plans, and achieving closure quickly from those who prefer flexibility, spontaneity and keeping their options open.

Thinking (T) and Feeling (F): differentiating people who make decisions primarily based on logic and objectivity from people who make decisions primarily based on personal values and the effects their decisions will have on others.

Sensing (S) and Intuition (N): differentiating people who take in information primarily through the five senses and immediate experience from people who take in information primarily through hunches and impressions and are more interested in future possibilities.Extraversion (E) and Introversion (I): differentiating people who direct their energy primarily outward toward other people and events from people who direct their energy primarily inward toward their inner environment, thoughts and experiences.In developing their instrument, Briggs and Myers sought to sort personality preferences using the three dichotomies explicitly described in Jung’s writing, along with a fourth dichotomy made explicit by Briggs and Myers.

Katharine Briggs and her daughter, Isabel Briggs Myers, developed Jung’s theory and the first forms of the instrument, sharing a vision “to enable individuals to grow through an understanding and appreciation of individual differences in healthy personality and to enhance harmony and productivity among diverse groups.

The Myers-Briggs ® assessment has its roots in Carl Jung’s theory of psychological type. As many as 1.5 million assessments are administered annually to individuals, including to employees of most Fortune 500 companies. The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator ® (MBTI ®) instrument is the best-known and most trusted personality assessment tool available today. Why unconscious bias is bad for business.

Reliability and validity of mbti